Hip dysplasia is a genetic and developmental condition affecting the hip joint. Normally, the hip joint functions as a ball-and-socket joint, where the femur's ball (thigh bone) fits securely within the hip bone's socket. In cases of hip dysplasia, the bones are misshaped, causing the thigh bone's ball to sit slightly outside the socket. This instability increases the risk of arthritis developing in the joint, resulting in pain during activities like standing, walking, running, or jumping.
Airedale Terriers are particularly susceptible to hip dysplasia, but many large and giant breed dogs are also affected, including Border Collies, Labradors, and German Shepherds. Mild instances of hip dysplasia can often be managed with pain relief medications, joint supplements, and physiotherapy; however, more severe cases may necessitate corrective surgery, such as a total hip replacement.